《俄罗斯联邦文化基本法》框架与内容述略

摘要

20世纪90年代初期，俄罗斯联邦出台了《俄罗斯联邦文化基本法》，为发展文化提供了法律保障。《俄罗斯联邦文化基本法》包括各级政府的文化管理权限、公民的文化权利、民族文化的保护、文化领域的经济调控以及国家之间的文化交流等内容。旨在确立国家文化政策的原则和规范，发展民族文化，保障公民的文化权利。在政府的文化管理权方面，俄罗斯联邦和各联邦主体成立国家权力机关，由国家权力机关行使权力，保障文化领域中各主体的利益；公民拥有创作权、文化价值知情权等，促进公民在参与文化活动的过程中提高自身素质；针对俄罗斯多民族的特点，俄罗斯联邦尊重和保护各民族文化，为民族文化的传播和延续创造条件；文化基本法对文化机构经费来源和个人收入进行经济调控，保障他们的利益不受损害；加强文化交流，促进俄罗斯文化发展，增强自身在国际上的影响力。%In the beginning of 1990',the Russian Federation enacted "Basic Law of Culture of the RussianFederation"as to offer legal insurance for the culture development.The contents of "Basic Law of Culture of the Rus-sian Federation"mainly include the culture governing permission of goverments at all levels,the culture rights of citi-zens,the protections of national culture,the economical regulations in the cultural fields as well as the internationalcultural exchanges,aiming to establish the principles and regulations of national culture policies,develop the nationalculture and ensure the citizens'culture powers.For the culture governing permission of governments at all levels,theRussian Federation and the Russian Federation members establish the state authority meanwhile the state authority exe-cute the power to protect the members'benefits in the culture fields.The citizens have the rights of creating,the rightsof knowing the culture value,and improving their own quality in the culture action.Based on the feature of multi -na-tional state,the Russian Federation respect and protect national culture and create conditions for the national culturespreading and continuation."Basic Law of Culture of the Russian Federation"regulates the financial sources of the cul-ture institutes and personal incomes so as to protect their benefits from tort.Besides,it also strengthens the culture ex-change as to improve the national culture development and enhances the international influences.