盐下油气勘探的不断突破,使得近年来盐构造的研究成为热点.本文通过大量的国内外文献调研,总结了盐构造发育的地质背景、盐构造样式及形成机制及盐构造的识别方法.结果表明,盐构造的形成通常包括浮力机制,差异负载机制,重力滑动或重力扩展机制,热对流机制,挤压机制以及伸展机制等;基于密度差的重力识别、基于反射连续性、振幅大小以及属性频率灯反射特征的地震识别、基于易溶性的现场录井识别以及测井等方法均是识别盐岩层的有效途径.%The continuous breakthrough in oil and gas exploration under salt structure has made the study of salt structure become a hot topic in recent years. Based on research of massive domestic and foreign literatures, the geological background, types, formation mechanism and identification of salt structure were summarized. The result shows that the formation mechanism of salt structure usually includes buoyancy, differential loading, gravity sliding or gravity expansion, thermal convection, extrusion, and stretching mechanism. The gravity characteristics based on density difference, seismic characteristics based on reflection continuity, amplitude and attribute frequency, site logging based on susceptibility and wireline logging are the effective approaches to identify the salt structure.
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