Antibiotics were commonly used in the prevention and treatment of various bacterial infections of humans and animals by inhibiting the growth of microbes at very low concentration or eradicating them, but they have also become a "new type of pollutant". The abuse and harm of such chemical substances have become even more serious in recent years. The root cause of bacterial resistance is the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which are highly abundant in water, soil and air, and more harmful than antibiotics. In this article, the sources and transmission ways of ARGs in the environment were introduced, and some suggestions on reducing the harm of ARGs were put forward.%抗生素是一类在预防、医治人畜的各种细菌感染疾病方面被普遍应用,在超低浓度下就能抑制微生物生长或消灭微生物的"新型污染物".这种化学物质滥用的情况和危害近些年来愈发严重.细菌产生耐药性的根源是体内存在的抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs),其高丰度存在于水体、土壤和空气中,危害更甚于抗生素.这篇文章综述环境中 ARGs 的来源、传播的各种方式,并对有关降低ARGs的危害的方法提出了一些建议.
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