十九世纪后半叶广府粤语的咝音声母

摘要

It is normally held that Cantonese retained two groups of coronal sibilants—[ts/tsʻ/s] and [tʃ/tʃʻ/ʃ]—at the beginning of the 20th century, with the former corresponding to the Jing(精)group initials and the latter corresponding the Zhi(知), Zhuang(庄) and Zhang(章)group initials except Zhi(知)rhyme group. However, a survey of several books on Cantonese dialects in later Qing Dynasty demonstrates that in the late Qing Dynasty, i.e. in the latter half of the 19th century, the suburban counties of Canton, especially the hinterland of the Pearl River West Bank area of the Pearl River Delta, had only one class of sibilants since [ts/tsʻ/s] and [tʃ/tʃʻ/ʃ] were allophones. This distribution differs from that of Canton City, which might still retain two classes of sibilants.%学界一般认为粤语在20世纪初期还保留[ ts/tsʻ/s ]和[ tʃ/tʃʻ/ʃ]两套咝音声母，前者对应中古精组声母，后者对应中古知庄章组声母，除止摄字外区分严格。然而，考察几部清末粤人方言著作，19世纪后半叶，在广州郊县，特别是属于珠江三角洲腹地的珠江西岸地区，粤语的中古精知庄章组声母已经合流，[ ts/tsʻ/s ]和[ tʃ/tʃʻ/ʃ]呈现出音位变体的特色，而广州城内则有可能迟至19世纪末还依旧保留这两套声母的区别。