超分辨成像方法研究现状与进展

摘要

光电成像系统受到衍射极限和像元分辨率的制约,但研究者们从未停止过脚步来突破这一限制.本文介绍了近年来开展的各种超分辨成像方法和技术,包括应用于荧光显微成像的受激发射损耗技术、结构光照明技术、光激活定位技术与随机光学重构超分辨成像技术;可应用于显微系统、光存储与眼底成像的光瞳滤波技术与径向偏振光超分辨聚焦技术;应用于空间探测的合成孔径技术、光子筛成像技术、超振荡透镜技术、亚像元技术与焦平面编码技术.主要讨论了以上超分辨方法的原理、实现手段与目前发展水平.%Optical imaging system is limited by pixel resolution and diffraction limit,but the researchers try to solve this problem.Various super-resolution imaging methods and techniques in recent years are introduced,including STED technology,SIM technology,PALM technology and STORM technology for the fluorescence microscopy imaging;pupil filtering technology and radially polarized super-resolution focusing technology for microscope,optical storage and retina imaging;synthetic aperture technology,photon sieve imaging technology,super oscillation lens technology,sub-pixel technology and focal plane coding technology for space detection area.The principle,the implementation means and the current development level of these super-resolution imaging methods were discussed.