地基大口径望远镜主镜主动支撑系统综述

摘要

Active support is a core technology of large ground-based telescope,which directly affect its observation ca-pability,so it has attracted much attention all the time. The positioning system and support system of large ground-based telescope were summarized systematically. The positioning system contains three hard points and six hard points;The support system includes axial support with different types of actuators and radial support with different forms which contains “vertical push-pull support”、“slant push-pull”and “push-pull-shear”. The active support technologies of some foreign typical large telescopes are introduced and analyzed,which may provide a certain refer-ence for active support design.%主动支撑技术作为地基大口径望远镜建造的核心技术，直接影响望远镜的观测能力，一直以来备受关注。文章系统性地总结了地基大口径望远镜主镜的定位系统和支撑系统。定位系统包括三点硬点定位、六杆硬点定位；支撑系统包括采用不同促动器结构的轴向支撑系统及采用“竖直推－拉”、“斜向推－拉”和“推－拉－剪”形式的径向支撑系统。文章还结合了国外采用主动支撑结构的大口径望远镜，对其主动支撑技术进行了详细介绍和总结分析，希望为大口径望远镜主镜主动支撑设计提供一定的经验参考。