随着全球城市化进程的加快,越来越多的山地景观被纳入都市圈的水源地、居住用地或娱乐空间.都市山地景观往往具有极为多元的治理主体,其可持续发展很大程度上取决于是否能建立有效的机制协调集体行为.本文以美国加利福尼亚州圣莫妮卡山为研究案例,通过分析相关口述历史、法规条例、研究报告、规划方案和地理信息数据,系统性地探究了其合作规划与管理的演变过程.研究发现,圣莫妮卡山多中心治理模式是在自然资源不断破坏和户外娱乐需求与日俱增等城市化背景下出现的,其中加州政府主要采取制定海岸区保护导则、建立保护协会等策略,联邦政府则通过设立国家游憩区与地方政府和社区合作.这些策略帮助相关治理主体有效地应对了房地产开发热潮、政治气候变化、财政拨款减少、土地价格上涨、环保理念转变等变化.这一模式还被推广到圣莫妮卡山周边其他山区,以构建区域尺度的韧性景观.作者指出,圣莫妮卡山案例揭示了多中心治理与韧性景观之间的紧密关系,其经验对当代中国有重要启示意义.%Globally, accelerated urbanization has wrapped more and more mountain landscapes into metropolitan areas as water sources or residential and recreational spaces. Such mountain landscapes are usually governed by multiple agencies, which means that its sustainable development largely depends on the effectiveness of the collective actions among these agencies. This paper examines the case of the Santa Monica Mountains in California, the United States by analyzing relevant oral histories, acts and ordinances, study reports, planning documents, and GIS data to depict the whole picture of the evolution of its cooperative planning and management. It is found that the polycentric governance in the Santa Monica Mountains emerged as a response to the deterioration of natural resource and the increasing outdoor recreation needs against the backdrop of urbanization. The California State government developed coastal zone protection guidelines and established conservancies, while the federal government cooperated with local governments and communities by forming a national recreation area. These methods helped the governing agencies tactically cope with the real estate development, changing political climate, shrinking financial allocation, rising land prices, and conceptual shifts in environmental protection. This polycentric governance mode was also applied to other mountain areas in the vicinity to form a regional-scale resilient landscape. The authors argue that the case of the Santa Monica Mountains reveals how the polycentric governance works on strengthening landscape resilience, which shows an important reference for contemporary China.
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