基于自然演替的湿地植物景观的恢复与优化-以哈尔滨文化中心湿地公园为例

摘要

哈尔滨文化中心湿地公园原场地为退化的城市湿地，植被设计旨在恢复场地原有的生长模式，即淤泥湿地—乡土草本—耐湿乔灌木构成的次生湿地群落，最终形成趋于稳定的水生至沙生植物群落，在维系其生态演替过程的同时，创建自然的场地景观特征。本文对项目建成三年后的生态绩效提升进行了论述，梳理了哈尔滨文化中心湿地公园建设中对生态景观保护、景观建造以及场地特征景观再现所进行的探索性恢复方案，并指出本项目与一般湿地公园的区别所在，期待能为我国城市湿地公园的建设提供有益的借鉴与启示。%Harbin Cultural Center Wetland Park was constructed on a degraded urban wetland, with a primary goal of restoring the vegetative landscape of the site — secondary wetland communities consisting of marsh, native herbs, and moisture tolerant trees and shrubs — ultimately establishing and maintaining ecological succession of vegetation communities from aquatic to arenaceous habitats, while celebrating the natural landscape characteristics of the site. This paper reports mainly on the improvement of ecological performance in the park three years after its construction. It also reviews the exploratory plan for landscape protection, construction, and restoration of the wetland park. In addition, this paper demonstrates the unique qualities of the project which distinguish it from common wetland parks, making it a helpful reference for the construction of other urban wetland parks in China.