Objective To investigate OX40 mRNA and OX40L mRNA expressions and anti-C1q antibody level in peripheral blood of patients with lupus nephritis(LN),and to evaluate diagnosis performance.Methods A total of 40 patients with LN,40 patients without LN and 40 healthy controls were enrolled. OX40 mRNA and OX40L mRNA expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)were determined by fluorescence quantitation reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Anti-C1q antibody level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index(SLEDAI),anti-dsDNA antibody,creatinine and complement were determined.Results OX40 mRNA and OX40L mRNA expressions in PBMC of LN patients were(8±4)×106 copies/μL and(4±3)×103 copies/μL,which were higher than those in patients without LN [(4±3)×106 copies/μL and(2±2)×103 copies/μL] and healthy controls [(4±2)×106 copies/μL and(2±1)×103 copies/μL](P<0.05). Anit-C1q antibody level in LN patients [(9.11±2.46) ng/mL] was higher than those in patients without LN[(3.12±0.97)ng/mL] and healthy controls [(1.12±0.33) ng/mL](P<0.05). OX40 mRNA expression of LN patients was correlated with anti-C1q antibody,creatinineand SLEDAI(r=0.69,0.75 and 0.67,P<0.01). There was a correlation between OX40L mRNA expression and anti-C1q antibody level(r=0.58, P<0.01). Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve showed that the sensitivity,specificity and the area under ROC curve(AUC) of OX40L mRNA for the diagnosis of LN were 0.933,0.733 and 0.918,which were better than those of other parameters. Conclusions OX40 mRNA expression and anti-C1q antibody level correlate with the activity of LN,and they may play roles in oncogenesis and progression of LN. OX40 mRNA may become a good parameter for diagnosing and monitoring LN.%目的：探讨狼疮性肾炎（LN）患者外周血OX40 mRNA/OX40L mRNA表达水平及抗C1q抗体水平，并对3项指标诊断LN的效能进行评价。方法选择40例LN患者、40例非LN患者和40名正常对照者，采用荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（PCR）测定外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）中OX40 mRNA、OX40L mRNA的表达水平，采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测抗C1q抗体。同时，评估系统性红斑狼疮疾病活动度评分（SLEDAI）并检测抗dsDNA抗体、肌酐、补体等。结果 LN组PBMC中OX40 mRNA、OX40L mRNA的表达水平分别为（8±4）×106拷贝/μL和（4±3）×103拷贝/μL，显著高于非LN组[（4±3）×106拷贝/μL和（2±2）×103拷贝/μL]及正常对照组[（4±2）×106拷贝/μL和（2±1）×103拷贝/μL]（P<0.05）。LN组抗C1q抗体水平为（9.11±2.46）ng/mL，显著高于非LN组[（3.12±0.97）ng/mL]及正常对照组[（1.12±0.33）ng/mL]（P<0.05）。LN患者OX40 mRNA的表达水平与抗C1q抗体、肌酐及SLEDAI显著相关（r值分别为0.69、0.75、0.67，P<0.01），OX40L mRNA的表达水平与抗C1q抗体显著相关（r=0.58，P<0.01）。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析表明，OX40 mRNA诊断LN的敏感性、特异性及曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.933、0.733、0.918，均优于其他指标。结论外周血OX40 mRNA及抗C1q抗体水平与LN活动度相关，这2项指标在LN的发生、发展中可能起着一定作用。OX40 mRNA有望成为诊断和监测LN的良好指标。
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