三种不同免疫检测法对乙肝血清学标志物检测的结果对比分析

摘要

目的 探讨三种不同免疫检测法对乙肝血清学标志物(HBsAg)检测的结果.方法 选择我院2015年6月至2016年6月肝病门诊就诊患者50例,经病理确诊为乙肝患者25例.通过采用酶联免疫法对乙型肝炎抗体的检测;然后通过免疫胶体金法和电化学发光免疫分析法进行检查,对三种方式的检测结果进行对比分析.结果 ①乙肝病毒标志物中五项测试的阳性率最高的是电化学发光免疫分析法,酶联免疫法其次,阳性率最低的是胶体金法.②灵敏度:酶联免疫法低于电化学发光免疫分析法(χ2=3.030,P=0.082);电化学发光免疫分析法高于胶体金法(χ2=5.357,P=0.021);酶联免疫法高于胶体金法(χ2=0.439,P=0.508).灵敏度从高到低排序为:电化学发光免疫法、酶联免疫法、胶体金法,其中电化学发光免疫法和胶体金法差异显著,有统计学意义,P<0.05.特异性:电化学发光免疫分析法高于酶联免疫法(χ2=2.000,P=0.157);电化学发光免疫分析法高于胶体金法(χ2=3.030,P=0.082);酶联免疫法高于胶体金法(χ2=0.136,P=0.713).特异性从高到低排序为:电化学发光免疫法、酶联免疫法、胶体金法,各组间比较无明显差异,无统计学意义,P>0.05.结论 不同的乙肝表面抗原检测方法有着其各自的优缺点,应当根据具体的检测项目选择合适的检测方法,以提高临床乙肝病毒感染的诊断准确度,为及时的治疗提供科学的依据.%Objective To investigate and compare three different methods for detection of hepatitis B serological markers (HBsAg).Methods A total of 50 patients with liver disease in our hospital from June 2015 to June 2016 were enrolled in this study.Among the total, 25 patients were diagnosed as hepatitis B by pathology in our hospital.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the antibody of hepatitis B, and then the results were compared with those from the three methods.Results ① the highest positive rate of hepatitis B virus markers was identified in electrochemiluminescence immunoassay , and the lowest on was from colloidal gold method.②Sensitivity in ELISA was lower than that in electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (χ2=3.030, P=0.082);while sensitivity in electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was higher than that in colloidal gold method (χ2=5.357, P=0.021) and sensitivity of ELISA is higher than that of colloidal gold method (χ2=0.439, P=0.508).So the order of sensitivity from high to low is electrochemiluminescence, ELISA and colloidal gold method, in which the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and colloidal gold method was significantly different,P<0.05.About specificity: ELISA vs electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was χ2=2.000, P=0.157, and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay vs colloidal gold method was χ2=3.030, P=0.082, then ELISA vs colloidal gold method was χ2=0.136, P=0.713.Specificity from high to low was in the order as: electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, ELISA, and colloidal gold method.And there was no significant difference among the groups,(P>0.05).Conclusion Each hepatitis B surface antigen detection method has its own advantages and disadvantages.The appropriate detection method should be selected according to the detection of specific projects, in order to improve the clinical diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection accuracy and provide scientific basis for timely treatment.