仡佬族地区黔西、大方方言中的“XAA”式数量短语

摘要

Qianxi and Dafang, located in the northwest Guizhou, are long populated by Yi and Gelao minority. Historically, the Gelao language used by Gelao minority in Qinxi and Dafang district falls within the branch of Gelao dialect, which is called“Buer”per se. The studies of the use about the Gelao language along Qianxi and Dafang show that the Gelao language is vanishing and that most Gelao pe-ople speak southwestern official language. Nonetheless, from the use of sub-dialect, we know the Gelao language still bears its own fea-tures, one of which is the quantifier phrase“XAA”. The“XAA”is characterized by typology, and its grammar and semantics are different from official language. In this phrase,“A”refers to an object quantifier of a container, and“XAA”means a“completeness”or“fullness”. The“X”of a typical quantifier phrase“XAA”is mainly designated to a cardinal number;meanwhile, phonetic change occurs in the sec-ond“A”of the quantifier phrase“XAA”.%贵州省黔西、大方县位于贵州省西北部，历来是彝族、仡佬族的聚居区。黔西、大方一带的仡佬族，历史上使用的仡佬语属于仡佬语方言分支，自称“补尔”。调查黔西、大方等地的仡佬族的语言使用现状，发现仡佬语几乎消失，大多转用西南官话黔西、大方方言，但是从对次方言的使用看，仍有自身的特点，其中的“XAA”式数量短语就较为特殊。在黔西、大方方言中典型的“XAA”式数量短语表现出独特的类型学特征，语法和语义有别于官话，其中的“A”多为表示容器的名物量词，数量短语“XAA”表示的语义是“整”“满”；典型的“XAA”式数量短语中“X”多为基数词；同时“XAA”式数量短语中“A”重叠后第二个“A”部分有音变现象。