A variety of longhorned beetles simultaneously occur on Carya cathayensis host with increasingly se-rious damage, which become an important factor limiting the pecan production. To explain the damage profile from longhorned beetle species and to help prevent and control damage on a Carya cathayensis forest, we car-ried on a systematic research on a C. cathayensis forest in Lin’an to study damage from the species, recognition of typical damage shapes, and identification methods of different species by host anatomy, morphological iden-tification and molecular identification method. Results showed that there were mainly three longhorned beetle species, Apriona germari, Anoplophora chinensis, and Batocera horsfieldi in the C. cathayensis forest of Lin’an. A. germari larvae were 100% distributed on branches, A. chinensis larvae were 100% on roots and trunks 30 cm below ground, and B. horsfieldi larvae were 93.9%distributed on the trunk 0-150 cm above ground. Differ-ent species of longhorned beetle larvae produced different typical symptoms for the shape of the damage due to defecation, larvae burrows, and oviposition grooves. There were strong morphological differences between male and female adults of A. germari, A. chinensis, and B. horsfieldi. In addition, the larvae pronotum of these three species of longhorned beetles had different typical characteristics making it possible to quickly and accurately distinguish the type of longhorned beetle species. Corresponding molecular identification results also proved the accuracy of this method. We speculate that B. horsfieldi and A. chinensis mainly damage adult C. cathayensis trees, and A. germari mainly damage young ones with different species of longhorned beetle larvae occupying different niches. In addition, different typical symptoms and morphological characteristics could be important in preventing and controlling C. cathayensis longhorned beetles.%为了掌握危害山核桃Carya cathayensis的天牛种类以及危害规律，对浙江省临安地区的山核桃林地进行了系统调查，研究了天牛危害种类、危害状以及不同种类的识别方法。结果表明：临安地区山核桃天牛种类主要包括桑天牛Apriona germari，星天牛Anoplophora chinensis和云斑天牛Batocera horsfieldi等3种；其中桑天牛幼虫分布在山核桃枝条部位（100%），星天牛幼虫分布在根部和地上树干30 cm以下（100%），云斑天牛幼虫分布在树干0~150 cm（93.85%）；不同种类天牛的幼虫排粪状、幼虫蛀道和成虫产卵刻槽具有不同的典型症状；桑天牛、星天牛和云斑天牛雌雄成虫之间具有显著的形态特征，可以用来区分雌雄个体。另外，3种天牛幼虫的前胸背板具有不同的典型特征，可以通过此特征快速准确区分其幼虫种类，相应的分子鉴定结果也证明了此方法的准确性。由此推测：云斑天牛和星天牛主要危害成年山核桃，而桑天牛主要危害幼龄山核桃，而且不同种类天牛幼虫在山核桃树上占据不同的生态位。不同种类天牛危害症状和典型形态特征的研究，对于指导山核桃天牛害虫防控工作也具有重要的意义。图5表5参19
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