以钱塘江河口海湾为例,应用景观生态学与海洋动力学理论以及景观特征量化分析方法,探讨沿海岸地貌结构与潮能耗损之间的关系、滩涂围垦对沿海防灾功能的影响.通过多元线性回归分析,建立潮差削减率与景观特征指标间的综合模型.通过模型分析和实测数据表明:舟山本岛和钱塘江河口段大规模滩涂围垦与开发建设,改变了沿岸景观结构和边界复杂度,使水动力作用减弱,潮差削减率减少,河口段潮差不减反增；河口洪水受潮水顶托作用加大、排水不畅导致河口海湾抵御灾害的功能减弱、加剧了水涝灾害的发生.探讨了沿海滩涂围垦与湿地合理利用的科学途径.%Illustrated with Hangzhou Bay, Qiantang estuary, the relationship between structure of coastal geomorphy and dissipation of tidal energy was analyzed, and the impact of tidal flat reclamation on the function of the disaster prevention of estuary and bay was studied based on the theory of the landscape ecology, ocean dynamics and quantitative assessment method of landscape characteristic index. The integrated model was established between reduction rate by tidal range and landscape characteristics index by correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The model analysis and measured data show that large-scale tidal flat reclamation in the Zhoushan Islands and the Qiantang River estuary has caused the change of coastal landscape structure and complexity, weakening of the hydrodynamic role,lower of reduction rate by tidal range, furthermore, increase rather than decrease of tidal range in estuary. Accordingly, retroaction of tidal current on flood in estuary has become larger and larger, which has leaded to poor drainage, degradation of function of the disaster prevention in Estuary and aggravation of the waterlogging disasters. The scientific approaches for rational tidal flat reclamation and use of wetlands were discussed.
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