面向老年俯身作业的人机工程舒适性设计

摘要

An approach based on industry designing of man-machine comfort designing for the elderly's bending operations was proposed in order to avoid risk gestures during the operations of elderly products and realize a rapid products designing that meets the man-machine performance requirements.Four different methods including video observation,think-loud,questionnaire and depth interview were applied to acquire comfortable characteristic data for bending operations of eignty Chinese elderly people from age 70 to 89.A comfort-level calculating model of bending operations was established according to the comfortable characteristic data.A "red-green light" comfortable gradient was developed.The product ergonomic consultation and assessment system for elder (PECASE) was constructed,which can be divided into four levels including base level,data level,center level and presentation level.PECASE can be deployed to provide consultations and evaluations during early,mid and late terms of creative designing for the elderly.The PECASE was applied and the feasibility of the proposed system was verified by taking the designing of household roller washing machine as an example.Results indicate that the proposed method can provide effective supports for man-machine analysis of elderly products creative designing.%为了规避老年产品操作行为中的姿势风险,快速设计出符合老年人机性能要求的产品,从工业设计出发,提出面向老年俯身作业的人机工程舒适性设计方法.结合视频观察法、出声思考法、问卷法与深度访谈法,获取80名70～89岁中国老年人俯身作业舒适特征数据,提出俯身舒适度计算模型,建立老年俯身作业“红-绿灯”舒适梯度.构建了“面向老年俯身作业的产品人机咨询与评价系统”(PECASE),系统分为基础层、数据层、中间层和表现层4个层面,可以支持面向老年人的创意设计前期、中期与后期的人机适配咨询与评价.以家用滚筒洗衣机设计为例,对系统的可用性进行验证,可以有效地为老年产品创新设计的人机工程分析提供支持.