基于元胞自动机教学楼层人员疏散行为的研究

摘要

Personnel emergency evacuation in unexpected events has been a research focus branch for evacuation behavior. Based on the basic cellular automaton model, the rules about the personnel evacuation in teaching floors emergencies are established for a single lattice cellular automata model with multiple outlets two-way flow. Obstruction and multiple exits are added in the original single-lattice cellular automata features, each outlet for the same person has a different attraction. In the process of moving people will change the target to form a two-way flow depending on the size of the attraction. During the simulation of the building emergency exits this paper determines the many exits dynamic selection of the people through adding more exits to attractive the people. By use of a priority matrix and the introduction of the potential energy approach, all research shows that more dynamic export selection for people in the teaching floor of public safety evacuation and behavior provides a lot of reference.%突发事件中的人员紧急疏散一直是疏散行为的一个研究重点分支。在基于基本的元胞自动机模型的基础上，把教学楼层突发事件中人员的疏散规则建立成一个多出口双向人流的单格子元胞自动机模型，在原来单格子元胞自动机的特征上加入障碍物以及多个出口，每个出口对同一个人都有不同的吸引力。人在移动的过程中会视其吸引力的大小改变目标而形成双向人流。在教学楼紧急出口的模拟中通过加入多出口对人们的吸引力去判断人们在疏散过程中对多出口的动态选择，采用了优先矩阵和引入"势能场"的方法模拟逃生人员在教学楼层公共安全疏散过程中对路径的选择，研究表明，多出口的动态选择对人们在教学楼层公共安全中的疏散及其行为提供了很多参考依据。