我国鱼类洄游通道和生境恢复技术研究现状分析

摘要

As China is now in the peak of hydropower development and construction,ecological environment protection has received great attentions.The exploitation and utilization of river resources have obstructed the migration passages of fishes,greatly affecting the environment in which fishes live.It is urgent to develop migration passages and habitat restoration techniques.This paper presents the significance of fish migration passages and habitat restoration,outlines the research status and development process of the techniques,and points out the main problems and challenges of technology development for fish passages in China.By summarizing relevant projects and research results supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China since the 21st Century (especially in the recent 5 years),we present the main research directions of migration passages and habitat restoration techniques in China:1) living habits and swimming ability of typical fishes;2) influence of fish population distribution and habitat factors;3) influence of hydropower development on habitat factors;4) measures of fish passage and living habitat restoration and the verification of their effects.%我国目前处于水电开发建设的高峰时期,生态环境保护问题受到高度重视.人们对河流资源的开发利用阻隔了鱼类自由迁徙的洄游通道,大大影响了鱼类赖以生存的环境,亟需发展洄游通道和鱼类生境的恢复技术来加以保护.阐述了鱼类洄游通道和生境恢复的重要意义,总结了该类技术在我国的研究现状和发展过程,指出了我国鱼类洄游通道技术发展面临的主要问题和挑战.通过对21世纪以来(特别是最近5 a)国家自然科学基金资助的相关项目及研究成果分析,指明了目前我国鱼类洄游通道和生境恢复技术的主要努力方向,包括:①各种典型鱼类的生活习性和游泳行为能力;②鱼类种群分布及生境因子影响规律;③水电开发对鱼类生境因子的影响规律;④洄游通道和生存环境恢复措施及过鱼效果验证.