The aims of the ventilation test was conducted to study dynamic changes of organic matter and nutrient during compost under different ventilation conditions by using the by-product frech cow dung of Xinjiang milk cows breeding industry as compost based on adding biological decomposing agent. The total three treatments were respectively designed including the proper ventilation (5 min of ventilation/day,rate 1. 6 m3/min) ,excessive ventilation (10 min of ventilation/day,rate 1. 6 m3/min) ,and non- ventilation was used as the control. The water loss was the quichest when excessive ventilation was operated ; The content of total nitrogen with different treatments was increased. Of all the treatments, the nitrogen with proper ventilation treatment had the greatest increase (2. 50 g/kg) were increased by 46. 40%, which indicates that proper ventilation can reduce nitrogen loss during the composting process; after the ending of composting, the total phosphorus content declined compared with that in the first period. In the 20th day,the total phosphorus content of the three treatments reached minimum value 0. 45 g/kg; total potassium content also increased compared with that in the first period, increased by 1. 09 g/kg; at the end of composting, the relative content of available nutrients are all increased, available P content was increased by 0. 21 g/kg compared with that in the initial stage,available K content was increased by 0. 34 g/kg compared with that in the initial stage;at the end of each composting treatments,decomposition degree of organic matter has no great differences.%以新疆奶牛养殖业副产品新鲜牛粪为堆料,在添加生物腐熟剂的基础上,对堆体进行通气试验.分别设置适量通气(每天通气5 min,速率为1.6 m3/min)、过量通气(每天通气10 min,速率为1.6m3/min)、不通气为对照共3个处理,研究了不同通气量条件下堆肥过程中有机质和养分的动态变化.结果表明,不同通气处理含水率的变化规律不同,过量通气处理水分损失最快;在堆肥结束时,各处理全氮的含量均有所增加,其中适量通气处理的含氮量增加最高,为2.50 g/kg,增加了46.40％,说明适量通气可以减少堆肥过程中氮素的损失；堆肥结束时,各处理全磷含量比初期有所下降,在第20天时,3个处理的全磷含量达到最低值,为0.45 g/kg;全钾含量比初期有所增加,且对照处理增加幅度最大,增加了1.09 g/kg;堆肥结束时,速效养分的含量均有所增加,速效磷含量比初期增加了0.21 g/kg,速效钾含量比初期增加了0.34 g/kg;堆肥结束时,各处理有机质分解程度差异不大.
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