积雪消融对北疆棉田土壤水盐运动的影响研究

摘要

The main aims of this study was to discuss the influence of snow ablation on soil water and salt movement of cotton field,where the drop irrigation under membrane were used in North Xinjiang.The experiment result indicated that the effects of air temperature on soil temperature continuously decrease with the increase of soil depth.The changes of temperature difference between day and night and the evaporation of soil moisture made soil water and salt up-and-down move and made the ablation speed of upper layer of frozen soil be faster than that of down layer; Leakage of melted snow was increased in the range of 30～50 cm soil moisture content thus stopped the subsoil moisture up trend and made snow area of each layer soil moisture content be higher than those of control area; Leakage of melted snow was washed in the range of 0～50 cm soil and made surface soil salt relativly be lower than control area.Besides,leakage of melted snow also prevented the soil salt up trend,suppressed salty be up temporarily and delayed the soil against salt in the spring.Thus it can be seen the snow in ablation period plays an important part in controlling soil moisture,preserving soil moisture and controlling salt.%以常年膜下滴灌北疆棉田为研究对象,探讨了积雪消融对土壤水盐运动的影响.结果表明,气温对土壤温度的影响随着土壤深度的增加而不断减小,昼夜温差的变化和地表土壤水分蒸发使得土壤水分和盐分自下而上运动,并且使得上层冻结土体的消融速度快于下层；融雪下渗增加了30～50 cm处土壤含水率,从而阻止了下层土壤水分上移的趋势,使得积雪区各层土壤含水率高于对照区；消融积雪淋洗使得表层土壤盐分向下运移,从而改变了土壤盐分上移的趋势,暂时抑制了盐分,推迟了土壤返盐的时间.消融期积雪对土壤水分调控以及保墒、抑盐有着十分重要的作用.