在介绍热电材料的背景、发展历史、主要应用的基础上，概括了目前提高热电材料性能的方法。主要包括：通过态密度共振和能带简并来提高Seebeck系数；通过元素掺杂、纳米结构和多晶晶界等方法对声子进行全方位散射来降低晶格热导率；通过基体和纳米第二相的能带对齐来维持电传输性能；使用本征低热导率材料等。最后对热电材料的研究进行了总结和展望。%In this paper, we summary the thermoelectric history, background, applications and the approaches to enhance the ther-moelectric performance. Several approaches to enhance ZT have emerged in the last decade, such as modifying the band structure and band convergence to enhance Seebeck coefficients, nanostructuring and all-scale hierarchical architecturing to reduce the lattice ther-mal conductivity, aligning band energy between nano-precipitate/matrix to maintain hole mobility. Alternatively, one can seek high performance in pristine thermoelectric materials with intrinsically low thermal conductivity, which is a promising method to find poten-tial thermoelectric materials. Finally, a discussion of future possible strategies is proposed to aim at further enhancing the thermoelec-tric figure of merit of thermoelectric materials.
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