Activated carbon fiber was pretreated by hydrochloric acid ,and then its treatment effects in different treatment conditions were compared by the single factor experiments and or‐thogonal experiment .Its adsorption capacity was studied by iodine adsorption value ;specific surface area and pore structure were characterized by low temperature of liquid nitrogen ad‐sorption;the changes of surface morphology and surface functional groups of activated carbon fiber were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM ) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) .The results show that adsorption performance of activated carbon fiber is significantly improved after acid treatment . The iodine adsorption value is improved by 24.89% , surface area is increased by 27.45% , the pore volume is increased from 0.425 639mL/g -1 to 0.465 181mL · g -1 ,and the number of micropores is increased w hen the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 4% and the oscillating time is 50 min .The surface mor‐phology of activated carbon fiber chanes little compared with the raw material , absorption peaks of oxygen functional groups in the material are slightly enhanced ,but absorption peak of benzene gradually disappears .%采用盐酸对活性炭纤维进行预处理，通过单因素实验和正交试验比较了不同处理条件对活性炭纤维的处理效果；通过碘吸附值研究处理前后活性炭纤维的吸附性能变化，通过低温液氮吸附表征活性炭纤维的比表面积及孔结构变化，并通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM ）和傅立叶红外光谱（FTIR）表征活性炭纤维表面形貌及表面官能团的变化．实验结果表明，经盐酸处理后，活性炭纤维的吸附性能明显提高．且当盐酸质量分数为4％，振荡时间为50min时，其碘吸附值较原样提高24.89％，比表面积较原样增大27.45％，孔容由0.425639mL · g－1增大为0.465181mL · g－1，微孔数量增多；活性炭纤维表面形貌较原样变化不大，材料中的含氧官能团的吸收峰略微增强，苯环吸收峰逐渐消失．
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