目的 分析儿童大叶性肺炎近年来的流行病学特点、临床表现、致病原等,为临床诊治提供参考.方法 通过对2009年1月1日至2011年12月31日于西安市儿童医院住院部接受诊治的4 430例大叶性肺炎患儿的基本情况、实验室和影像学检查结果等临床资料进行统计学分析,探讨儿童大叶性肺炎发病的季节、性别和年龄相关性以及病原体和影像学特点.结果 冬季儿童大叶性肺炎发病率明显比其他季节高(P＜0.05);男性发病率明显高于女性(P＜0.05);0～3岁年龄段发病率明显高于其他组(P＜0.05);72.78％的患儿血清中检测出病毒抗体,47.13％的病例肺炎支原体抗体阳性;胸部CT检查结果显示,双侧病变发生率高于单侧(P＜0.05).结论 儿童大叶性肺炎好发于冬季,主要为0～3岁儿童,而且男性高于女性;病原学以病毒感染占首位,其次为肺炎支原体感染;肺部影像学显示双侧病变最为多见.%Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, and pathogens of lobar pneumonia in children in recent years so as to provide reference for its diagnosis and treatment. Methods We made a statistical analysis of the clinical data, laboratory and imaging findings of 4 430 cases of lobar pneumonia in children hospitalized in Xi'an Children's Hospital between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2011 to explore the outbreak season, gender-age correlation, pathogens, and imaging features of children lobar pneumonia. Results The incidence of children lobar pneumonia was significantly higher in winter than in the other seasons, in 0 — 3 age group than the other groups, and in boys than in girls (all P<0. 05). Serum virus antibodies were detected in 72.78% of the children and positive Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies were detected in 47. 13%. Chest CT examination showed a higher incidence of bilateral lesions than that of unilateral ones (P<0.05). Conclusion Lobar pneumonia in children occurs more often in winter, in children aged 0 — 3 years old, and in boys. Viral infection accounts for the largest proportion of the etiology, followed by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Lung imaging shows that bilateral lesions are the most common.
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