铁山港临海工业区重金属污染及综合防治

摘要

广西铁山港临海工业区是北部湾经济开发区的重点工业园区之一,近年来经济发展迅速及重金属企业的进驻,重金属的污染综合防治受到重视.根据2011年及2012年对铁山港临海工业区重金属污染源及环境现状调查结果,采用单因子指数法对环境现状进行了评价,对污染物排放给环境造成的影响进行了分析与预测,提出重金属污染的预防与治理措施.结果表明:重金属主要污染因子均达标排放,废气中主要含铅及镍；固体废渣综合利用不外排；废水中主要含铬,大部分回用.废气中金属尘的最大落地浓度范围为以废气源为中心约lkm范围；海洋水质、地下水水质、地表水水质和土壤的重金属浓度变化不明显,污染均处于较低水平.通过采取推动区域循环经济建设,减少污染物的产生和排放,形成产业生态链；强化污染源治理,防止渗滤液的流失,针对性地处理废水中的铅和铬；区域加强排放总量控制；提高管理水平,加强日常监督,防止污染转移；注重预警应急体系的建设等综合防治措施,保持铁山港区环境中的重金属污染处于较低水平,减少了对周围环境的危害.%Tieshan port is an important industrial area in the Beibu gulf economic zone.As the economy in this area develops rapidly,heavy metal pollution and its prevention have been focused.Based on the investigation of heavy metal pollution in Linhai industrial zone of Tieshan port in Guangxi from 2011 to 2012,the environment quality of this area was assessed using single factor index method.Environmental impact of pollutant emission was also predicted and analyzed,and the prevention and control measures for heavy metal pollution were proposed on the basis of the investigation and analysis.The results show that the main heavy metals are discharged within the standard;the main gas pollutants are plumbum and nickel; solid waste is recycled; the main waste water pollutant is chromium,and most waste water is reused;maximum ground concentration range of heavy metals from waster gas is one kilometer around the pollution source;the heavy metals in the marine water,ground water,surface water and soil have no significant change,which shows that pollution in this area is in low level.Integrated pollution prevention and control measures include promoting regional circular economy construction; reducing pollutants and emissions,transforming traditional manufacture industry into industrial eco-chain;strengthening the pollution source management,preventing leachate loss,targeted lead and chromium in wastewater treatment; strengthening the pollotion gross control; improving the management level,preventing pollution transfer; paying more attention to the construction of early warning emergency system.Through these measures proposed in this paper,we keep heavy metal pollution at lower levels in Linhai industrial zone of Tieshan port and reduce its harm to the environment.