山东省聊城市棉田杂草种类和数量对棉花产量的影响

摘要

It was investigated on the weed species in cotton field and analyzed the effects of diversity on cotton yield in Li-aocheng.The results showd that there are Gramineae weed—Eleusine indica,Digitaria sanguinalis,Echinochloa crusgalli and Leptochloa chinensis,Cyperaceae weed—Cyperus difformis and broad-leaf weed—Chenopodium album,Eclipta pros-trata,Portulaca oleracea,Amaranthus retroflexus ect.in cotton field,reducing plant height,branch number,boll number and boll weight significantly and showing the greatest impact on boll number.Compared with no grass area,the plant height,branch number,boll number and boll weight respectively decreased 51.4%,64.0%,87.3% and 21.5% in weed mixing zone of cotton field,causing the yield reduced 90.7%.The reduction of yield were 88.9%,69.7%and 59.4%in broad leaf weeds,grass weeds and sedge weeds field,restpectively.%调查山东省聊城市棉田杂草种类，分析其数量对棉花产量的影响。结果表明，棉田中禾本科杂草主要有牛筋草、马唐、稗、千金子；莎草科主要有异型莎草；阔叶杂草主要有藜、鳢肠、马齿苋、反枝苋等。各科杂草都会明显降低棉花的株高、果枝数、铃数和单铃质量等产量指标，其中对成铃数的影响最大。与无草区相比，杂草混生对棉花的生长影响最大，棉花株高、果枝数、铃数、单铃质量分别降低了52．9％、65．6％、87．6％、15．5％，棉花产量降幅高达90．5％；其次为阔叶杂草生长区，棉花产量降低87．5％；禾本科、莎草科杂草对棉花的影响亦很高，棉花产量分别降低69．8％、57．7％。