6种杂草水浸提液对水稻种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响

摘要

The effects of water extracts of six different wheat field weeds , i.e.Descurainia sophia ( L.) Schur, Cephalanoplo s segetum ( Bunge) Kitam,Veronica didyma Tenore,Sonchus asper ( L.) Hill,Geranium caroliniaunm L., and Euphorbia helioscopia L.,on the germination and seedling growth of rice seeds ,were investigated by bioassays under laboratory conditions.The maximum effect of weed water extracts on germination potential or germination rate of rice seeds just occurred in the immersed stage.The treatment of water extracts of D. sophia with the concentration of 100 g/L at the immersed seeds and seed germination demonstrated significantly lower germination potential and germination rate of rice seeds than the control in 11.87%sprout inhibition rate and 7. 11% germination inhibition rate respectively , while the treatment of C.sege utm were 6.9%and 7.11%respectively, and the treatment of V.didy ma were 8.00%and 5.24%respectively.The seedling dry weight of the treatment of E. helioscopia was significantly lower than the control by 12.62%, while the treatments of S.asper, G.carolinianum, C. segetum were significantly higher than the control by 8.28%, 7.40% and 4.48% respectively.On the condition of immersion in water extracts and germination in water, the sprout inhibition rate and germination inhibition rate of rice seeds of the C.segetum.treatment were 6.52% and 6.37% respectively, the sprout inhibition rate of D.sophia and V, didyma were 6.89% and 7.67% respectively.The seedling dry weight of the treatments of D sophia, C.segetum and S.asper were significantly higher than the control by 13.06%, 9.63%and 7.82%respectively.On the condition of immersion in water and germi nation in water extracts, the treatments of six kinds of weeds had no influence on sprout ie ther germination of rice seeds, but the seedling dry weight was significantly increased by 5.62%to 14.34%.%采用生物测定方法,研究播娘蒿、刺儿菜、婆婆纳、续断菊、野老鹳草、泽漆等6种麦田杂草水浸提液在3种培养方式下对水稻种子发芽和生长的影响.结果表明,杂草水浸提液影响水稻种子发芽势或发芽率的敏感时期在浸种阶段.采用100 g/L杂草浸提液浸种+浸提液培养,播娘蒿浸提液处理的水稻种子发芽势和发芽率均显著低于对照( P＜0.05),其萌发抑制率和发芽抑制率分别为11.87%、7.11%,刺儿菜浸提液处理的萌发抑制率和发芽抑制率分别为6.90%、7.11%,婆婆纳浸提液处理的萌发抑制率和发芽抑制率分别为8.00%、5.24%.与对照相比,泽漆浸提液处理的幼苗百株干质量显著降低12.62 %,续断菊、野老鹳草、刺儿菜浸提液处理的幼苗百株干质量分别显著升高8.28%、7.40%、4.48%( P＜0.05).杂草浸提液浸种+清水培养条件下,刺儿菜浸提液处理的水稻种子萌发抑制率和发芽抑制率分别为 6.52%、6.37%;播娘蒿和婆婆纳浸提液处理的水稻种子萌发抑制率分别为6.89%、7.67%.与对照相比,播娘蒿、刺儿菜、续断菊浸提液处理的幼苗百株干质量分别显著提高13.06%、9.63%7、.82%(P＜0.05).清水浸种+浸提液培养方式下,6种杂草浸提液处理对水稻种子发芽势和发芽率均无影响,但均能显著增加水稻幼苗百株干质量(P＜0.05),增幅为5.62%～14.34%.