基于Taylor实验及理论分析的泡沫铝动态冲击特性研究

摘要

泡沫铝是一种优异的结构材料,有着广泛的应用前景,研究其冲击动力学性能具有重要的理论意义及工程应用价值.Taylor冲击实验主要利用圆柱弹体撞击刚性墙来获取弹体材料的动态响应数据,是一种重要的动态实验手段,在实体金属领域较为成熟.由于泡沫铝自身的可压缩性,经典Taylor理论无法适用,在一定假设基础上基于实验数据建立了针对泡沫铝动态冲击响应的Taylor分析模型,并验证了模型的有效性.实验结果表明:Taylor冲击后,泡沫铝子弹变形段平均密度随撞击速度的增加而增加,且当撞击速度大于110m/s时,其增长趋于平缓；泡沫铝子弹剩余长度随撞击速度的增加而减小,且近似呈线性关系.%As an excellent structural material,aluminum foam has extensive application prospects.Studying dynamic impact performance of aluminum foam has a theoretical significance and engineering value.Taylor impact test using,a cylinder projectile to impact a rigid target to acquire dynamic response data of an elastic meterial is an important dynamic test method with wide application in solid metal field.Due to the compressibility of aluminum foam,the classical Taylor theory is not applicable.Here,based on a certain assumption and test data,a Taylor analysis model for dynamic impact response of aluminum foam was built,the effectiveness of this model was verified.The test results showed that the mean density of the deformed region of the aluminum foam projectile increases with increase in impact velocity,and the rising tendency becomes gentle when impact speed is greater than 110m/s; mean while,with increase in impact velocity,the residue length of the aluminum foam projectile almost linearly decreases.