多工况人字齿轮传动系统结构减振分析及优化

摘要

In order to reducing the vibration of herringbone gear transmission system more effectively,the corresponding design methods were put forward respectively from the aspect of inhibiting vibration excitation sources from herringbone gear transmission system (tooth meshing quality)and vibration transmission path (box structure).The three-dimensional modification of teeth surfaces was made to optimally mitigate the vibration between the herringbone gear meshing teeth under multi-loads.The structural topology optimization was carried out aiming at improving the static (box deformation)and dynamic (lower natural frequency)characteristics of the gearbox structure,and the optimization results can indicate which parts of redundant material should be removed and which parts of structure need to be strengthened. Accordingly,the structural size of gear box was optimized to achieve minimum acceleration on gearbox feet.The calculations and experimental results of a practical example show that the method of three-dimensional tooth modification can reduce vibration by 18.9% in experimental test and by 20.5% in theoretical analysis and the method of gearbox structural optimization can reduce vibration by 12%.The better effect of 27.3% is achieved by the combination use of the two methods.%为更有效降低人字齿轮传动系统振动，分别对由人字齿轮传动系统振动产生的源激励（齿面啮合质量）及振动传递系统（箱体结构）进行减振降噪设计。选择综合效果较好的齿面三维修形方法在多载荷工况下对人字齿轮小轮齿面进行以减小轮齿间啮合振动为目标的修形优化设计；为确定箱体结构优化改进方向，对齿轮箱体进行以静态（箱体最大变形量）动态（低阶固有频率）相结合的结构拓扑优化；据箱体拓扑优化结果确定箱体可减重部位及需加强的结构选定箱体尺寸优化参数并对以箱体机脚处振动加速度均方根值最小为优化目标的箱体结构优化。实例计算与试验结果表明，齿面三维修形方法振动最大降幅理论计算为20．5％、实验为18．9％，减振为12％；而两者相结合则降低幅度达27．3％，效果更好。