在光栅方程的基础上，利用矢量法和标量法证明了只有入射角与同侧某一级明条纹的衍射角相等时，该级条纹的偏向角为最小偏向角。通过实验数据计算波长，比较结果可知，实验中入射角与衍射角虽然不完全相等，但在相差不超过1°的前提下，可以认为满足最小偏向角的条件。通过对光栅条纹最小偏向角的研究，可以大幅度提高光波波长测量精度，避免了调节垂直入射这一复杂的步骤，将物理实验化繁为简，使实验结果变得更加清晰明朗。%Based on the grating equation, It proved that only if a diffraction angle on the same side of an speci-fied fringe equal to the diffraction angle, the deviation angle of the fringes is minimum one by vector and sca-lar method. Finally, It can be seen that even the incident angle is not entirely the same as the diffraction angle by calculating wavelength, it is considered to meet the conditions of minimum deviation angle when the error less than one centigrade degree. Through the research on the fringe of the minimum deviation angle, it can greatly improve the wavelength measurement precision, avoid adjusting vertical incidence of the complicated procedure, it makes the physics experiment to become simplify, to make the test results more clear.
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