以ISO国际标准试件、NAS979系列试件、NCG试件等为例，比较了目前国内外常用机床精度检测试件的检测性能与特点，计算了“S”形检测试件的开闭角、扭曲角、曲线曲率以及曲面法曲率等特征，研究了“S”形检测试件在几何造型方面的特性，证明了“S”形试件能基本体现和覆盖机床的各种复杂姿态，以及在机床多轴联动精度检测和机床动态刚度特性检测等方面更具全面性。为基于“S”形检测试件的五轴数控机床动态精度检测提供相应的科学依据，为五轴数控机床精度检测试件的型面构造研究提供理论参考，有助于“S”形试件国际标准草案的制定与推广。%Dynamic accuracy detection of CNC machine tools have been a difficult problem in machine precision detection. The precision detection test specimens of machine tools such as ISO international standard test piece, series of NAS979 test part and NCG specimen were studied. Also the detection performance and properties of common test pieces were compared. Furthermore, the open-close angle, the twist angle, the curvature of curve and the normal curvature of surface of“S”shaped detection test piece were calculated. The paper focuses on the superiority of the“S”shaped detection test piece in geometric modeling and proves that it can fully embody and cover complicated posture of machine and it has comprehensiveness in multi-axis linkage-precision and stiffness of machine tools. The results proposed in this paper could be a usable reference in dynamic detection precision of machine tools, precision test specimen in profile structure, and promotion of international standard of“S”shaped detection test piece.
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