广海湾海浪要素的基本特征及典型台风过程的波浪分析

摘要

文中利用广海湾内长达49个月的实测海浪资料,对湾内海浪基本要素以及大浪过程与热带气旋活动的关系进行统计分析,并选取一个典型台风过程的波浪进行研究。结果表明：广海湾内波浪多以0~2级波高为主,出现频率达67%,3级波高次之,出现频率为32%,偶有4级波高出现；平均波高年变化幅度不大,但季节变化特征明显,最大波高的年变化和季节变化幅度均较大；大浪多出现在夏、秋季,与热带气旋活动密切相关；2008年9月强台风“黑格比”活动期间,测点观测到最大浪高达3.55m,形成5级以上大浪,台风浪波型经历了涌浪(有成熟的,也有未成熟的)-风浪-涌浪(未成熟的)的过程,符合一般台风浪波型的演变规律。%Based on the 49-month wave data collected continually at the station of Gyanghai Bay, statistical analysis of wave characteristics was conducted. The results show that the wave height in the bay is usually below 0.5 m. The year-to-year variation of annual-average wave height is small, while the seasonal variation is quite notable. Both the year-to-year and seasonal variations of maximum wave height are prominent. Higher waves occur mainly in summer and autumn, due to tropical cyclones. During Typhoon Hagupit, the wave height increased rapidly, with the maximum wave height reaching 3.55 m. The pattern of typhoon wave was wind-driven wave pattern.