玉树地震与汶川地震医疗救援效率的比较

摘要

Objective To ohserve the change rate of the numbers of casualties during Wenchuan and Yushu earthquake disaster, and to explore the index and method of evaluation of earthquake medical rescue efficiency. Methods The data of everyday casualties and casualties occurred at 72 hours after injury and the total numbers of deaths and injuries were reviewed. The change of total medical rescue index( TRI) , death warning index ( DWI) and injury warning index ( WWI) were observed. The medical rescue efficiency between Wenchuan and Yushu earthquakes was compared. Results The total medical rescue index in Wenchuan earthquake was significantly higher than that in Yushu earthquake. The peak value of death warning index ( DWI) of both Wenchuan and Yushu earthquake was greater than 2. The DWI in Wenchuan earthquake reached the peak value at 72 hours which displayed double peaks, and then the curves tended to flatten out at 12 days after injury. The peak value occurred at 48 hour which showed single peak in Yushu earthquake, and the curves tended to flatten out at 6 days after injury.Conclusion The total medical rescue index, warning index ( deaths and injuries ) are the vital parameters for measuring the efficiency of medical rescue during the period of earthquake rescue, which are significant to compare the efficiency of medical rescue and ensure the strategy of medical rescue.%目的 探讨地震灾害累计伤亡数量的变化速率,寻求医疗救援效率评价指标和方法.方法 收集地震发生后每日、72小时及最终累计伤亡数量.观察变化速率,应用总医疗救援需求指数(TRI)、医疗救援死亡预警指数(DWI)和受伤预警指数(WWI),比较玉树地震和汶川地震的医疗救援效率.结果 汶川地震总医疗救援需求指数明显大于玉树地震.汶川地震和玉树地震医疗救援死亡预警指数高峰值均>2,汶川地震72小时达高峰,呈双峰,12天后曲线趋于平缓.玉树地震于48小时达高峰,曲线呈单峰,6天后曲线趋于平缓.结论 总医疗救援需求指数、医疗救援死亡预警指数和受伤预警指数是评价地震救援过程中、救援结束后救援效率的重要指标,对比较救援效率、确定救援力量的增减有一定的意义.