四肢软组织损伤的评估与治疗

摘要

软组织损伤通常是指皮肤、皮下组织、筋膜、肌肉、肌腱、韧带、滑膜、关节囊等软组织及周围神经、血管的损伤.四肢软组织损伤在临床工作中常会遇到,处理不当会使治疗周期大大延长,增加致残率和病死率,降低患者生活质量,对患者和社会造成严重影响.对软组织损伤严重性的评估,不仅是对患者整体评价的一个重要组成部分,而且也影响着骨折的处理.随着科技的迅速发展和机械化程度的不断提高,使得机械化因素在各类致伤因素中成为主要因素,尤其是交通事故等引起的各类高能量损伤,往往都是多发伤,伤情大多较严重.因此,充分认识软组织的损伤程度并正确处理,是创伤和骨折得以有效治疗的基础.%Soft tissue injury usually refers to damage to skin , subcutaneous tissue ,fascia,muscles,tendons, ligaments,synovial membranes,joint capsules,and other peripheral nerves and blood vessels.Soft tissue injury of limbs is common in clinical work.Improper treatment will greatly prolong treatment time ,increase morbidity and mortality,reduce the quality of life and have a serious impact on patients and society.The assessment of the severity of soft tissue injury is an important part of the evaluation of patients ,and it also affects the treatment of fractures. With the rapid development of science and technology and the continuous improvement of mechanization ,mechaniza-tion becomes the main factor of various injury factors.High energy injuries caused by traffic accidents ,especially, are usually multiple injuries which are serious.Therefore,understanding the degree of injury and treating correctly are bases of effective treatment of trauma and fracture.