右旋美托咪啶的临床应用进展

摘要

Dexmedetomidine is a novel,highly selective and specific α2-adrenoreceptor agonist that has notable effects of seda-tive and analgesic.Dexmedetomidine offers remarkable pharmaco-logical properties including analgesic,inhibiting sympathetic ac-tivity,reducing intraocular pressure and oxygen demand,inhibi-ting muscle tremors,no respiratory depression,inhibiting stress response,anti-anxiety,anti-chills,cardiovascular homeostasis, and nerve protection.Dexmedetomidine reduces the requirements of opioids,propofol,and benzodiazepines,it causes less clinical adverse events and is beneficial for heart,brain,liver,kidney, and lung.Dexmedetomidine has emerged as an affective therapeu-tic drug in a wide range of anesthetic management,such as perio-perative use,thoracic surgery,cardiac surgery,neurosurgery,pe-diatrics,intensive care unit (ICU),hypertension,and bariatric surgery,and it has adverse reaction and high security.%右旋美托咪啶是一种新型高选择性的α2肾上腺素受体激动剂，具有显著地镇静催眠作用，同时具备镇痛、抑制交感活性、降低眼压、减少氧耗、抑制肌颤、无呼吸抑制、抑制应激反应、抗焦虑、抗寒战、稳定心血管功能和保护神经等作用。右旋美托咪啶能够减少阿片类药物、异丙酚和苯二氮平类药物等麻醉剂的需求，对心脏、大脑、肝脏、肾脏和肺等器官均有一定的保护作用，临床不良反应少。基于右旋美托咪啶的显著临床优势，已被广泛应用于围手术期，胸外科、心外科、神经外科、儿科、重症监护病房、高血压患者和减肥手术等方面，临床效果显著，不良反应少，安全性高。