农村生活污水分散式处理的技术开发与应用

摘要

The pollution of domestic sewage in rural areas is an urgent environmental problem in China,and its characteris-tics require a new treating method different from those for urban domestic sewage.Firstly,the characteristics and pollution situation of domestic sewage in rural areas were summarized.Then the advantages and shortcomings of several main tech-nologies in treating sewage were analyzed.Based on theoretical exploration and engineering experience for 13 years,our team proposed a normalized treating mode for domestic sewage in rural areas for the first time,which relies on the purifying tank.This simplified sewage treatment system was composed of hydrolytic tanks,pipelines,novel purifying tanksand air pumps.Wastewater flows by gravity.Up till now,several successful demonstrational applications of domestic sewage treat-ment in rural areas of Tianjin have been set up,and are reliably working without man's care.Importantly,the effluent quality has reached the first level B standards of "discharge standards for urban sewage treatment plants"(GB 18918-2002)in our country.This model of domestic sewage treatment in rural areas is supposed to provide a solid technical support for rural environmental protection in China.%农村生活污水引起的污染问题是我国当前亟待解决的环境问题,而农村生活污水的特点决定了治理思路的特殊性.本文首先总结了我国农村生活污水的特点和污染现状,对比了国内外常用的几个主要技术的优缺点,结合本团队13年的理论探索和工程经验,首次提出了以净化槽为核心的农村生活污水归一模块化处理模式,将复杂的农村生活污水处理系统简单化,出水尽可能采用自流式,形成由水解槽、管网、新型净化槽和气泵构成的模块化系统,适合于广大农村的不同区域.目前研究团队在天津地区已经建立了众多成功的农村生活污水处理的示范工程,所有工程都能做到无人值守、稳定可靠、出水水质均达到了GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级B标准.这套农村生活污水治理的模式必将为我国农村环境保护事业提供坚实的技术保障.