静电纺制备多孔纳米纤维材料的研究进展

摘要

将纳米纤维加工成具有孔洞结构的特殊形态,是静电纺丝的研究方向.系统综述了近年来国内外利用静电纺丝法制备多孔结构纳米材料的主要方法,并将其归纳为自发成孔和后处理成孔 2种方式.介绍了这2种方式成孔的主要原理及成孔类型,对比分析了各自的优缺点.结果表明:自发成孔制备工艺简单,但获得的孔径大小和孔洞分布较为随机,不易控制;而后处理成孔方式的孔径大小具有一定的可控性,但是制备流程相对复杂,因此认为,较为简单、准确地控制纤维表面及内部孔洞分布及孔径大小,使其结构和功能精准匹配,是后期静电纺多孔材料的研究焦点.%It is the main research direction to prepare nanofibers with porous structure.Preparation of porous electrospun nanomaterials by self-forming and post-treatment methods was systematically reviewed.Principles of self-forming pores and post-treatment pores were introduced.Meanwhile,merits and demerits of different methods were given by comparative analysis.The analysis shows that process is simple for self-forming pore,while diameter and distribution of pores are random and difficult to be controlled.However,for post-treatment pores,diameter of pores can be controlled,while process is relatively complex.Therefore,the furture research should focus on accurate control of diameter and disbribution of nanopores,which will achieve a precise matching between structure and function.