Recently, quantum communication has become a very popular research field. Quantum Key Distribution(QKD) plays an important role in the field of quantum communication, based on its unconditional security in terms of theory and feasibility in applications. Among all kinds of QKD protocols, QKD protocols resisting collective noise are widely studied. In this paper, an improved fault-tolerant QKD protocol resisting collective noise is proposed and a feasible plan for information reconciliation is presented. The proposed protocol's qubit efficiency has achieved 28.57％, which is the best among all the fault-tolerant QKD protocols against collective noise, indicating that the proposed protocol can improve the transmission efficiency of quantum key distribution.%近年来,量子通信成为一个比较活跃的研究领域.由于理论上的无条件安全性以及实际应用中的可行性,量子密钥分配是量子通信中非常重要的组成部分.而集体噪声信道下的量子密钥分配协议一直被广泛研究.本文提出一种改进的集体噪声信道下容错的量子密钥分配协议,以及一种可行的密钥协商方案.本协议的量子比特效率达到28.57％,是所有针对集体噪声容错的量子密钥分配协议中最好的,由此提高了量子密钥分配时的效率.
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