Innovation cluster has become the international academic hot spots and the focus of Governments decision-making. Building the innovation clusters is significant for fostering the strategic emergent industry, enhancing regional innovation capability and promoting the transformation of economic development mode. However, the research on innovation clusters theory andthe theo-retical framework of innovation cluster is still not clear enough. On the basis of literature research, innovation cluster theory of the origin, the concept of innovation clusters, the characteristics and type of innovation clusters, and case studies of innovation clus-ters at home and abroad research conducted a comprehensive review and summary. This article defines the concept of innovative clusters under economics perspective and explore its essential character, which are the network structure formed by diverse partic-ipation in the main body, nonlinear coupling with variety of the combined effect, the organic coupling of industry chain, knowl-edge chain and value chain, making innovation marginal benefit increase by reducing the cost of innovation and scores risk. Inno-vation cluster is divided into self organization and other-organization categories formation according to the initial formation of inno-vation cluster mechanism differences, and explore its essential character, and provide the basis for building the theoretical system of the innovation cluster, and pointed out that the future research direction of the innovation cluster.% 创新集群研究已成为国内外学术热点和各国政府科技决策重点，创新集群建设对培育战略性新兴产业、提升区域创新能力、推进经济发展方式转变具有重要意义。然而目前学术界对创新集群相关理论研究还不够深入，理论体系框架仍不够清晰。在文献研究的基础上，从创新集群理论起源，创新集群的概念、特征与类型研究以及创新集群案例研究等方面对国内外创新集群相关研究成果进行了全面回顾与总结。文章从经济学视角出发，界定创新集群的概念与内涵，明确其4个本质特征：多元参与主体形成的网络结构；多种集聚效应的非线性耦合；产业链、知识链和价值链的有机耦合以及降低创新成本与分数风险，实现创新边际效益递增。在此基础上，根据创新集群最初形成机制差异将创新集群划分为自组织形成方式和他组织形成方式两大类，为构建创新集群理论体系提供依据，指出创新集群理论未来研究方向。
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