美国银行业资本监管演变与新进展

摘要

This paper aims at the evolution process of capital regulation of USA banking system. By timing research methods , this paper reveals the dynamic progress of USA banking capital regulation. The study finds that the capital regulation keeps close relationship with the trend of economic of American. In a boom, regulatory authorities tend to relax regulation, but in a recession, regulatory authorities will tighten regulation standardsunder pressure of risk of the financial system. From this we can see , in the last century 20's , the loose supervision with the Great Depression of 1929, the economic prosperity after the World WarⅡand the economic stagnation in the 70's to strengthen supervision, the deregulation in the late 90's with massive bank's failures in crisis of 2008. The banking regulatory supervision appears relaxed and tighten with the inherent regularity. Research on the history USA banking capital regulation , regulatory system and measures will help our country to strengthen the banking risk prevention system and improve the banking capital supervision system and mechanism.%文章旨在梳理美国银行业资本监管体系的演进过程，通过时序研究方法揭示美国银行业资本监管的发展动态与脉络。研究发现，美国银行业资本监管与其经济发展趋势密切相关，经济繁荣期监管当局倾向放松监管，这其中有着十分复杂的利益攸关方的激烈博弈，而在经济衰退期，在金融体系风险的压力下，监管当局会收紧监管标准。从中可以窥见，上世纪20年代前的宽松监管与1929年大萧条，二次世界大战后的经济繁荣与70年代经济滞涨，监管加强，80年代初的放松管制与80年代中后期银行大量倒闭，90年代金融服务现代化法案与2008年的全球金融危机，交替出现的银行业监管放松与收紧的变化有着内在的规律性。研究美国银行业资本监管历史、监管体系和监管措施，有助于我国加强银行体系的风险防范，完善银行业资本监管制度和机制。