基于 SWAT 模型的无资料流域产流产沙模拟

摘要

准确预报无资料地区的产流产沙，对土壤侵蚀治理具有重要的实践意义。为了研究南方红壤侵蚀区无观测资料流域的产流产沙情况，以福建省长汀县朱溪小流域为研究区，其次一级流域游屋圳子流域和高陂塅子流域分别为参证流域和无观测资料流域。采用相对误差（ Re）、决定系数（ R2）以及Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数（ Ens）评价了SWAT模型在游屋圳子流域的产流产沙模拟的适用性，基于地形指数判定了两子流域的水文相似性。结果表明： SWAT模型适用于游屋圳子流域的产流产沙模拟；游屋圳子流域与高陂塅子流域具有水文相似性，说明两子流域间可以进行模型参数移植；经模型参数移植，模拟得2010年高陂塅子流域年径流量为1.32×107 m3，年产沙量为2200 t。模拟结果不仅为小流域的水土保持治理提供参考，也为其他无资料流域的产流产沙模拟提供方法借鉴。%Accurate simulation of runoff and sediment is of great importance to soil and water conserva-tion and ecological restoration .This report, using the typical region of red soil erosion Zhuxi water-shed as a case , is to simulate runoff and sediment yield in ungauged area by using SWAT model . First, based on topographic index , validating hydrological comparability watershed of its Youwuzhen and Gaopoduan sub-basins.Second, Relative Error ( Re), Determination Coefficient ( R2 ) and Nash-Suttcliffe Efficiency ( Ens ) were used to evaluate the applicability of SWAT model in You-wuzhen sub-basin.Results indicated that Youwuzhen and Gaopoduan sub-basins are two hydrological comparability watersheds and SWAT model could be successfully used to Youwuzhen sub -basin.Then runoff and sediment of ungauged in Gaopoduan sub-basin was simulated with model parameters trans-platation method .The final results show that in 2010 , the total yield of runoff and sediment in Gaopoduan sub-basin are 1.32 ×107 m3 and 2 200 t, respectively.This research provides a new method for simulating runoff and sediment yield in ungauged watersheds .