无人机测控通信系统中智能天线技术

摘要

针对无人机测控与信息传输系统中地面设备笨重、跟踪速度慢等问题,提出地面天线采用智能天线的方法,利用MUSIC(MUltiple SIgnal Classification,多重信号分类)算法实现对机载终端的DOA(Direction Of Ar-rival,波达方向)估计,并添加去相关操作对抗多径,利用基于LCMV(Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance,线性约束最小方差)准则的波束成形算法完成波束赋形,相较于传统的机械跟踪方式,具有设备质量小、成本低、机动性灵活性强和跟踪速度快等优势.仿真和实际测试结果表明,采用DOA估计和波束成形算法的智能天线能够在保证高增益的同时,实时准确地估计出有用信号和多径信号的来波信号方向,并正确完成波束指向,具有很高的工程应用价值.%Aiming at the problem of heavy equipment and slow tracking in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)Track-ing,Telemetry and Command (TT&C)and information transmission system,the method of smart antenna is pro-posed for ground antenna. The Directional Arrival (DOA)estimation of the airborne terminal is realized by the Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC)algorithm,and the decorrelation is added to against multipath. Compared with the traditional mechanical tracking mode,it has the advantages of light weight,low cost,high maneuverability and fast tracking. Simulation and actual test results show that the smart antenna with DOA estimation and beam-forming algorithm can accurately estimate the direction of the incoming signal of the desired signal and multipath signal in real time while ensuring the high gain,and accomplish the beam pointing correctly. It has a high value of engineering applications.