月地及月地以远测控通信与若干关键技术发展趋势

摘要

通过研究国内外主要测控通信技术现状与发展动态,梳理出了目前我国在月地及月地以远距离测控通信技术遇到的挑战:面临测量精度尚不能满足科学探测更高的要求,数据传输能力难以满足更高的数据传输速率需求,关键器件自主可控较为薄弱,激光通信高精度快速捕获手段单一,以及星载终端设计与关键技术在轨验证较少等.针对这些问题,提出了对天线组阵、激光测控通信技术、Ka波段及毫米波低温接收机、超导纳米线单光子探测器、深空光学跟瞄系统、窄线宽激光光源的产生技术、光通信调制技术和高功率低噪声放大器的迫切需求,并介绍了国外最新的用于深空测控通信的新概念与前沿技术,即一体化微波/光学混合通信系统与微波光子射频信号稳相传输技术.最后,结合我国现状,讨论了我国测控通信重点发展方向及其关键技术的建议,可供构建月地及月地以远测控通信系统参考.%Based on analysis on the present research status of the lunar and deep space Tracking,Telemetry and Command (TT&C) systems at home and abroad,four major difficulties and challenges for building a TT&C system are studied.Then urgent needs for antenna arraying technology,laser TT&C technology,Ka and millimeterwave band hypothermia receiver,superconducting nanowire single photon detectors,deep space optical tracking system,narrow linewidth laser source generating technology,optical communication modulation technology and highpower low-noise amplifier were summed up.A latest cutting-edge technology for deep space TT&C system,namely Integrated Radio and Optical Communications (IROC) system was described.Finally,with the current situation,recommendations for future developments of lunar and deep space TT&C systems have been put forward.The research results provide references for the development of the lunar and deep space TT&C systems.