Response of Early Chinese Marxist to the Challenges of Cultural Conservatism in the1930s and the1940s

摘要

To cope with the challenge of all social ideological trends including cultural conservatism was an important context in the historical practice of Marxism in China. In the 1930s and the 1940s, in find- ing answers to the questions of what Chinese problem was, why and how to solve the problem, and how to deal with the relationship between Chinese and foreign culture, the application of Marxism to the Chinese practice by the cultural conservatives constituted an indirect but fundamental challenge. Therefore, the early Chinese Marxists made a positive response. The ways of response are indirect re- sponse, direct response and complete response. The contents of response include- the judgment of the fundamental Chinese problems through systematic historical materialism, new democratic revolution comprising cultural construction to solve the fundamental problems, and borrowing and discarding Chinese traditional culture through materialist dialectics. These responses further demonstrated scien- tific truth of the Marxism （or Chinese Marxism ） and enhanced reality legitimacy on the practice of Marxism in China.