Based on the aerodynamic theory of wind turbine, the aerodynamic loads calculation model of wind turbine blade was established according to wind shear, wind turbine structure and geometric parameters. Variable speed model was established based on the basic wind speed, the gradient wind speed, gustiness and fluctuating wind and applied to calculation model to count the speed aerodynamic load of blade under varying wind speed. Taking a MW wind power generator as an example, the numerical simulation of wind turbine have been worked out. The results show that, firsty, the aerodynamic loads of wind turbine are mainly located in the middle and tip of blade, and the load ups and downs with wind speed, but the change of aerodynamic loads of blade root is not obvious. Secondly, the load fluctuations of blade is more significant when the wind speed is high. The research contents of the paper provide loading conditions for structural design and dynamics analysis of blade.%根据风力机的气动理论,并考虑风切变和风力机结构、几何参数的影响,建立了风力机叶片的气动载荷计算模型.以基本风速、渐变风速、阵风风速和脉动风速4种风速类型建立了变风速模型,并应用于叶片载荷计算模型,实现变风速下的叶片气动载荷的计算.以某MW级风力机为对象,给出了数值计算流程并进行了实例计算,结果显示:风力机叶片的气动载荷主要分布在叶片的中段和叶尖,且载荷大小随风速起伏变化,叶根的气动载荷随风速变化的趋势不明显,风速较大时,叶片上的载荷波动较为显著.结果可为叶片的结构设计和动力学分析提供参考.
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