利用区域自动站资料对黔东南烤烟种植气候适宜性及精细区划归类分析

摘要

利用1971-2011年黔东南16个气象站以及2005-2011年224个区域自动气象站实时资料，使原来的地县级资料细化到乡镇对黔东南烤烟种植生产中的光、温、水等气候条件与国内主要烟区进行对比分析，结果表明：黔东南烤烟种植大田生长期(5-8月)平均气温除南部的榕江、从江等略偏高外，其余地区气温条件对发展烤烟生产较为有利；降雨量充沛，特别是8月降雨量逐渐减少，有利烟叶品质的提高；日照时数相对较少，漫射光多，能促进芳香物质的形成；与国内优质烟区比较，黔东南烤烟种植大田期的气候条件与云南优质烟区有一定的差异，但相似于贵州遵义优质烟区，较河南、山东等优质烟区的日照时数偏少。采用主成分分析方法得出黔东南烤烟种植气候条件变化敏感区域，是烤烟种植不适宜区；利用两维图论聚类分析方法，得出黔东南乡镇烤烟种植气候条件区域为10类，为烤烟种植区划提供科学的参考依据。%Using the real-time observational data of meteorological stations of the southeast 1 6 counties (cities)from 1971 to 2011 and 224 regional automatic weather stations from 2005 to 2011,the county level meteorological data are to be refined to the township and the light,temperature,water and climatic condi-tions on flue-cured tobacco production in southeast and the major domestic tobacco areas have been ana-lyzed.The results show that the mean temperature of southeast flue-cured tobacco cultivation is little higher in Rongjiang and Congjiang;the rest of the temperature conditions are more favorable to the devel-opment of flue-cured tobacco production.The abundant rainfall,especially the august rainfall gradually re-ducing,is beneficial to improve the quality of tobacco leaves.The relatively fewer sunshine hours and the more diffuse light can promote the formation of aromatic substances.There are certain differences between the climatic conditions of the southeast tobacco planting field and high-quality tobacco area of Yunnan, while there is some similarity to high-quality tobacco area in Zunyi of Guizhou Province,compared with high-quality tobacco area in Henan and Shandong,the sunshine hours of which is less than that.Using principal component analysis method to come to the sensitive areas of the Southeast flue-cured tobacco planting climatic conditions is not suitable for the cultivation of flue-cured tobacco.Two-dimensional graph theory clustering method is used to analysis flue-cured tobacco planting climatic characteristics of the southeast township area which is divided into 10 categories,class 1,class 2,class 3 and class 10 are in the sensitive area of the flue-cured tobacco planting climatic conditions index,planting tobacco climate produc-tion should not be beneficial,for class 4-9 suitable planting areas,you can focus on the development of flue-cured tobacco planting to avoid blind expansion of planting in flue-cured tobacco unsuitable areas and provide scientific reference for flue-cured tobacco planting divisions.