类别归纳推理中包含谬误效应：典型性还是相似性的影响

摘要

The present study has explored impact of two factors including typicality of specific conclusion category and similarity between premise category and conclusion category in inclusion fallacy of category -based induction by comparing induction-strength of specific conclusion category-based induction with that of general conclusion category-based induction .The results show that inclusion fallacy exists only under low similarity condition regardless of typicality of specific conclusion category .Therefore ,this study has proved that inclusion fallacy in category-based induction influenced by similarity rather than by typicality .%通过比较归纳推理中具体结论和一般结论推理的论断力度，探讨了具体结论类别的典型性以及前提类别与结论类别之间的相似性对包含谬误效应的影响。结果显示：无论具体结论类别为典型类别成员还是不典型类别成员，在低相似条件下会出现包含谬误效应，在高相似条件下不会出现包含谬误效应，表明类别归纳推理的包含谬误效应并非源于类别的不典型性，而是受到了相似性因素的影响。