2010年冬～2011年春广西荔枝、龙眼冻害调查及灾后管理措施

摘要

[Objective]A comprehensive survey was carried out to investigate the adverse effects of severe frost and prolonged winter chill on litchi and longan production in Guangxi from 15, December 2010 to January 2011. [Method ]The survey included northern litchi and longan growing areas in Tengxian, Guiping, Pingnan.Wuxuan and Xiangzhou counties (Cities) of Guangxi. [Result]The statistical data showed that about 13.30 thousand hectares (kha) of litchi and longan fruit trees were injured or damaged accounting for 30% of the total growing area (45.73 kha). In Xiangzhou, Wuxuan and Tengxian counties, the total damaged area was the highest for 670, 1667 and 2887 ha, accounting for 100, 100 and 67% of total area, respectively. The injured shoots ranged from 79.07-100.00%. The severity of damages was followed by Pingnan and Guiping, where damaged area was 3467 and 4667 ha and accounted for 22 and 20% of total area, respectively, and the injured shoots ranged from 76.45-99.62%. Litchi was more seriously injured than longan, and low-lying orchards were more seriously injured than hillside orchards. [Conclusion]Some suggestions have been given in order to manage and control the frost induced damages on litchi and longan fruit tress which includes timely irrigation and spraying water-fertilizers; timely loosening and covering soil over the roots, applying fertilizer as topdressing, making grading nurse of tree according to different frost damage degree, strengthening protection of tree and control of disease and insect pests.%[目的]了解2010年12月中下旬～2011年1月上旬严重霜冻和长时间低温对广西荔枝、龙眼生产的影响情况.[方法]采用面上调研、数据收集和实地调查相结合的方法,按荔枝、龙眼冻害分级标准对广西北缘产区藤县、桂平、平南、武宣和象州等县(市)荔枝、龙眼的冻害情况进行系统调查.[结果]被调查的5个县(市)荔枝、龙眼总受灾面积为13358 ha,约占总面积的30％,其中象州、武宣和藤县受灾最重,冻害面积分别为670、1667和2887 ha,分别占种植面积的100％、100％和67％,末次梢受害率达79.07％～100.00％；其次是平南和桂平,冻害面积分别为3467和4667 ha,分别占种植面积的22％和20％,末次梢受害率达76.45％～99.62％.冻害特点为荔枝比龙眼受冻程度重,低洼果园比高坡果园受冻程度重.[建议]抓好受灾果园管理,适时适量供水,及时对树盘松土、覆盖,勤施薄施水肥,并根据不同冻害程度进行分级护理,以及加强受冻植株病虫害防治,争取最大限度减少灾害造成的损失.