高分子化合物对盐渍化棉田土壤团聚体组成及棉花产量的影响

摘要

[Objective]The objective of this study was to compare the effects of different polymer compounds on soil aggregates and cotton yield of salted cotton field,and to determine the suitable polymer compounds to improve the salted cotton field so as to increase cotton yield.[Method]The experiment was conducted at Regiment 146,Shihezi,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Four treatments were used in the study:M1(poly acrylic acid salt treatment,K-PAM),M2(poly acrylamide treatment,PAM),M3(cellulose treatment,HEC)and control treatment(no application of compound,CK). Soil aggregates and soil samples were collected at different growth stages to determine soil pH and conductivity,and yield was estimated at the harvest stage of cotton.[Result]The results showed that soil conductivity in different soil layers was significantly reduced at flowering period and boll period under the M1 and M2 treatments compared with CK (P<0.05,the same below),which effectively reduced salt poisoning,and soil conductivity in 0-20 cm soil layer was sig-nificantly increased in M3 treatment compared with CK,while that in 20-40 cm was significantly reduced compared with CK. Soil pH in 20-40 cm soil layer was significantly lowered in M2 and M3 treatments compared with CK in cotton boll stage. There was no significant effects of M2 treatment on soil pH compared with CK in other growth stages(P>0.05). The application of polymer compounds improved salted soil structure,mainly increasing 2.000-0.053 mm aggregates;three polymer compounds all increased cotton yields significantly,among which M1 treatment had the best effect and increased the yield by 107.4%.[Conclusion]Polymers application can improve salted soil structure,increase cotton yields. The effects of poly acrylic acid salt application is the most remarkable,which can be regarded as the first choice for soil improvement in salted cotton field in Xinjiang.%[目的]比较施用不同高分子化合物后盐渍化棉田土壤团聚体及棉花产量的差异,选取适合的高分子化合物用于改良盐渍化棉田及提高棉花产量.[方法]试验在新疆维吾尔自治区石河子146团棉花大田进行,设4个处理,分别为M1(聚丙烯酸盐类处理,K-PAM)、M2(聚丙烯酰胺类处理,PAM)、M3(纤维素类处理,HEC)和对照(不施化合物,CK),于不同生育期采集棉田土壤的团聚体及待测土样,测定土样pH和电导率,并在棉花采收期进行测产.[结果]M1和M2较CK在棉花盛花期和盛铃期均可显著降低不同土层土壤的电导率(P<0.05,下同),有效减小盐分毒害,M3在0~20 cm土层较CK的电导率显著升高,在20~40 cm土层表现为显著降低;在棉花盛铃期,M2和M3较CK 20~40 cm土层土壤pH显著降低,其余生育期M2较CK对土壤pH无显著影响(P>0.05).高分子化合物施入土壤后改善了盐渍化土壤结构,主要是增加2.000~0.053 mm土壤团聚体含量;3种高分子化合物均可显著提高棉花产量,其中以M1增产效果最好,增产107.4%.[结论]高分子化合物施用后改善了盐渍化土壤结构,提高了棉花产量,其中以聚丙烯酸盐类施用效果最佳,可作为新疆盐渍土棉田土壤改良的优先选择.