甘蔗家系抗病性评价分析

摘要

[Objective]The present study aimed to understand the characteristics of disease resistance of sugarcane parents and hybrid combinations,and to provide reference and guidance for the selection of parents and hybrid progeny.[Method]The main agronomic traits and disease data of pokkahboeng,smut,leaf disease of plant seedlings,and pokkah-boeng data of ratoon sugarcane were investigated from 146 sugarcane families in 2015. Correlation analysis,variance and combining ability analysis were processed.[Result]Disease of plant seedlings mainly occurred on leaf,including red rot, ring spot,brown streak,purple spot and yellow spot diseases. Incidence of pokkahboeng in ratoon sugarcane was signifi-cantly higher than that in new planting sugarcane. Correlation analysis showed that smut disease affected sugarcane yield in planting seedlings. There was extremely significant negative correlation between incidence of pokkahboeng and leaf disease(P<0.01,the same below). There was extremely significant difference in incidence of pokkahboeng,incidence of leaf disease and leaf disease among families. The traits contained low broad sense heritability. Both additive and non-addi-tive effects were present in the incidence of pokkahboeng ,but only additive effect were found in incidence of leaf disease and leaf disease selectable rate. In top 20 parents,leaf disease index had the highest breeding value,followed by pokkahboeng index,and leaf disease selectable rate had low breeding value. Evaluated by cross effects,families with good resistance to pokkahboeng,leaf disease and high leaf disease selectable rate were 87,74 and 50 respectively.[Conclusion]Resistance to smut and pokkahboeng should not be evaluated by new plant seedling. Incidence or index of pokkahboeng can be selec-ted according to the environmental variation when evaluating the resistance of ratoon sugarcane to pokkahboeng.%[目的]了解甘蔗杂交组合及亲本的抗病特点,为甘蔗亲本和杂种后代选择提供参考.[方法]对2015年146个甘蔗家系试验新植实生苗的主要农艺性状、梢腐病、黑穗病、叶片病害和宿根梢腐病进行调查,采用相关、方差、配合力分析等方法对试验数据进行分析.[结果]甘蔗新植实生苗以叶片病害为主,丛发病率极高,主要种类有赤腐病、环斑病、褐条病、紫斑病和黄点病;宿根蔗梢腐病发病率明显高于新植;相关分析发现新植实生苗黑穗病发生将影响蔗茎产量;梢腐病与叶片病害存在极显著负相关(P<0.01,下同).宿根梢腐病发病率、叶片病害发病率和叶片病害可选率在家系间存在极显著差异,其性状的广义遗传力偏低.梢腐病发病率的加性和非加性效应同时存在,叶片病害发病率和叶片病害可选率不存在非加性效应.在前20位亲本中,叶片病害病指数的育种值最高,其次是梢腐病情指数,叶片病害可选率较低;在组合效应中,梢腐病、叶片病害和叶片病害可选率表现相对较好的家系分别有87、74和50个.[结论]不宜用新植实生苗进行甘蔗黑穗病和梢腐病的抗性评价,评价宿根蔗梢腐病抗性时可根据环境变异大小选择选病情指数或株发病率.