空气气氛下医疗废物热分解特性

摘要

Thermal decomposition of certain medical waste and its mixture in the air was studied using the thermo-gravimetric(TG) analyzer coupled with the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The gravimetric characteristics of each species and mixture and the qualitative analysis of evolved volatile products were investigated. Compared with thermal decomposition in nitrogen (N2) , for perfusion tube, the peak number of differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curve increases and the first peak value increases obviously. For respirator, the initial decomposition temperature drops down about 150℃, and the peak appears earlier about 100℃. Evolved volatile products from respirator include CO2, H2O, CO, hydrocarbon, aldehyde and acid, and products from perfusion tube include CO2, alkyne, aldehyde, acid and hydrogen chloride (HC1). Decomposition temperature of HC1 in perfusion tube is between 304 ℃ and 409 ℃. The agravic characteristics of mixture reflect that of each species in the mixture. Also, mixture has no effect on decomposition of HC1. Finally , reaction kinetic parameters of perfusion tube and respirator in air are calculated which provides a theoretical basis and reliable sub-models for the controlled air oxidation of medical waste.%利用热重(TG)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)联用技术对医疗废物中的塑料类(输液管)、化纤类(口罩)及其混合物进行空气气氛下热分解实验,研究单组分及混合物热分解的失重特性,并对热分解气体产物进行定性分析.结果表明:与N2气氛相比,塑料类(输液管)失重峰数量增多,且第一个失重峰峰值增大明显；化纤类(口罩)热分解起始温度提前约150℃,失重峰出现位置提前约100℃.化纤类(口罩)的热分解产物主要有CO2、H2O、CO、烷烃类、醛类和羧酸类等；塑料类(输液管)的热分解产物主要有CO2、炔类、醛类、酸类和HC1等,其中HC1的析出温度区间为304～409℃.混合物的热分解特性反应了各单组分的热分解特性,且组分混合对HC1析出影响不大.最后,通过求解空气气氛下塑料类(输液管)和化纤类(口罩)热分解动力学参数,为控制空气氧化处理医疗废物研究提供了理论依据及可靠的动力学子模型.