Some successful experiences of rainwater harvesting in Brazil’s semi-arid region are shown how rural communities are living during the severe drought from 2011 to 2013 using technologies of rainwater harvesting for the household in agriculture livestock raising and the environment.Starting from the positive experiences principles of living in the challenge of droughts and climate change are elaborated and summarized into different guidelines for sustainable livelihood and production access to water and sufficient land area rainwater harvesting to provide water security to households and communities preservation recovering and management of drought-resistant vegetation emphases on raising of small and medium sized livestock and water and forage storage appropriate crop selection and sustainable extraction processing and marketing of crop products capacity building of the people. These principles contribute to preparing a national policy on living in harmony with the semi-arid climate. Rainwater harvesting is an important part of a package of measures which enables a sustainable livelihood in such a difficult environment.%通过巴西半干旱地区的一些成功案例，介绍了当地农村社区在2011～2013年严重旱灾期间所采取的有效措施：对生活用水、农业用水和畜牧用水采取水资源管理技术；对土壤湿度和含水层采取诸如蓄水池、地下水坝等环境保护措施。根据这些经验，总结出旱灾和气候变化环境下的生活原则，并制定成可持续性生活生产的指导方针：获取足够的水资源和土地面积；利用雨水以保证家庭和社区的用水安全；种植、养护与管理抗旱植物；倡导对中小型家畜养殖的水和饲料储存；加强农作物品种甄选及其产品的可持续生产、加工和销售；重视居民的水资源保护思想和能力培养。这些原则为指导干旱气候条件下人与环境和谐相处提供了宝贵的经验。
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