发达国家农业保护政策形成的政治经济分析

摘要

忽视政治过程的经济学并不能对发达国家长期实施农业保护政策提供合理的解释，这些政策不仅会降低其资源配置的整体效率，而且还在长期内阻碍了世界农业贸易自由化的进程。在农业保护政策的形成中，经济过程和政治过程都是重要的。文章引入经济和政治变量的动态面板数据模型，采用广义矩估计方法对发达国家农业保护形成的理论解释和争议进行了系统地实证检验。研究发现，发达国家在制定农业保护政策的过程中具有现状偏好的特征，且一国农业保护水平与政策制定者的政治意识形态、农业生产的比较优势和农业集团规模大小有关。%Economics that ignores political process cannot provide a satisfactory explanation to long-term agricultural protection policies in developed countries,which not only lowers the total efficiency of re-source allocation,but also acts as a major obstacle to agricultural trade liberalization.New political econ-omy emphasizes that economic and political process are both important in the formation of agricultural protection policies.The paper constructs a dynamic panel data model and includes economic variables as well as political variables.By using generalized method of moments,the article investigates empirically the theoretical explanations and controversies of the formation of agricultural protection policies in devel-oped countries.The results reveal that governments in developed countries are on a status quo bias in for-mulating agricultural protection policies,and their agricultural protection levels have relationship with the policy makers political ideology,the comparative advantage in agricultural production and the strength of agricultural interests group.